Generative AI

In line with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, including Large Language Models, these tools cannot be credited as authors. They lack the capability to independently conceptualize research designs and cannot be held responsible for the work's integrity, originality, and validity. Authors must disclose the use and extent of AI tools in their manuscript, citing the tool's name and version. This does not apply to standard software used for spelling and grammar checks. The decision on the acceptability of AI tool usage lies with the Editor and Publisher.

Generative AI tools or Large Language Models (LLMs) cannot be credited as authors.
Any AI tool use in the writing process must be disclosed, accompanied by human oversight and accountability, and authors bear full responsibility for the content.

Use in Writing
AI tools may be used to improve readability and language but not to replace human judgment. Authors must carefully review the outputs, and any use of AI should be transparently disclosed in the manuscript.

Authorship
AI tools cannot be listed as authors. Authorship requires human accountability for accuracy, integrity, originality, and compliance with ethical guidelines.

Use in Research and Data Analysis
This policy refers to the writing process and does not regulate the use of AI tools for data analysis or insight generation. If AI tools are part of the research methods, their use must be described in detail in the methods section, including the name, version, and manufacturer of the tool.

Use in Figures, Images, and Artwork
AI tools cannot be used to create or alter figures, images, or artwork unless they are part of the research methods, which must be fully disclosed. Adjustments to brightness or contrast are acceptable if they do not obscure original information. Authors may be asked to provide raw images for editorial review.

Restrictions on Artwork
Graphical abstracts and artwork using AI are not permitted, except in cases such as cover art, where prior approval from the editor and publisher is required. Proper attribution and clearance of rights must be ensured.